Overview
Cloak is a ransomware-as-a-service operation active since late 2022, primarily targeting small-to-medium enterprises in Europe — especially Germany — across manufacturing, healthcare, education, and government sectors, with expansion into North American and Asian targets by 2025.
- First tracked: 2023-08-24
- Discussed in our reports: Bahrain
Geography: origin and targets
No public attribution of origin. Lines are drawn only where public reporting places the operators; flags show where the group has claimed victims, sized by number of claims.
United States of America42
Germany38
United Kingdom10
Canada7
France4
Switzerland3
Spain3
Italy3
Bahrain2
Brazil2
Exploited vulnerabilities
None recorded in the sources we reviewed.
ATT&CK techniques
None recorded in the sources we reviewed.
Tools
None recorded in the sources we reviewed.
Leak-site infrastructure
| Title | Type | Address (defanged) | Seen online at snapshot |
|---|---|---|---|
| 403 Forbidden | DLS | cloak7jpvcb73rtx2ff7kaw2kholu7bdiivxpzbhlny4ybz75dpxckqd[.]onion | Yes |
Sources and caveats
Group descriptions, ATT&CK mappings, tools and leak-site locations come from public ransomware tracking projects, including ransomware.live and Crocodyli. Exploited vulnerabilities come from the Ransomware-Vulnerability-Matrix by BushidoUK (licensed CC BY 4.0), supplemented where a group profile there is newer than the data we hold. Each CVE links to its original research source. Technical text is shown in English as published. Leak-site addresses are defanged and shown for blocking and detection; do not visit them. Nothing here is verified by ClairSec_ against a specific incident.
Data snapshot: 2026-10-11